新航道托福培訓班小編給大家帶來了10月份托?？荚囍虚喿x和寫作考情分析，希望對各位備考托福的考生們有所幫助。10月托?？荚嚬灿?場線下考試，9號一場，13號一場，16號上午一場下午一場，23號一場，24號一場，30號一場。因為疫情影響，考位還是比較緊張。

  從目前收集的數據來看，至少出現了25篇左右不同的文章，每場考試依然存在多套題同時用的情況。

  托福閱讀篇：從文章題材方面來看，文章還是主要集中在傳統題材上，生物類文章類7篇，歷史類文章3篇，藝術類3篇，地質地理類文章1篇，農業類2篇，其他自然科學類3篇，按照比例來看，其中生物類大概占比28%，人文科學類文章(歷史和藝術類)大概占24%，自然科學類文章(地質地理和其他自然科學類)占16%。

  從各學科的占比來看，歷史類和生物類文章仍然是考試的重點。今后復習可以按照學科分類的不同比重，重點練習生物類，歷史人文類的文章，并熟練背誦相應的學科詞匯。新航道出版的《托福真詞匯》這本詞匯書的附錄就收錄了詳細完整的學科詞匯，大家可以練習新航道老師和助教領取詞匯書進行背誦。

  本月線下考試的文章依舊是新老文章結合交替考察。例如2017年11月25日的真題 The Collapse of Maya在10月13號的考試中原文原題出現，大家可以領取新航道的《托福閱讀真經》系列練習過去出現過的真題文章。10月24號的Inca Highlands Adaptations

  文章可以參考托福TPO閱讀中的牧畜和農業相關的文章，例如tpo21的The Origins of Agriculture，tpo23的Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture，tpo52的Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa。10月16日出現的關于無聲電影和有聲電影的相關文章可以參考tpo12的Transition to Sound in Film。建議大家考前半月左右刷真題，積累詞匯，提前熟悉考試節奏。附錄中是出現的文章原文和大致內容回憶，供參考。

  在考試的題型上，詞匯題1-2題/篇;指代題0-1題/篇，幾乎不考;插句題1題/篇，且位置固定在倒數第二題;句簡題0-1題/篇;修辭題1-2題/篇;大題仍舊是6選3的歸總題為主。剩余一半左右的考題是：細節題2-3題/篇、選非題0-2題/篇、推斷題0-2題/篇。這點和以往并無很大差別。

  最后與大家分享收集并整理的本月托?？荚嚨脑~匯題：

  abandoned=no longer occupied

  intermittently=periodically

  in essence=basically

  resemble=look like

  exquisite精致的

  tend to = are often

  supplement = add to

  retained=kept

  optimal=ideal

  ephemeral=short-lived

  conjecture猜測

  附錄：

  考試文章1.

  The Collapse of the Maya

  2017.11.25

  Paragraph 1

  The Mayan society of Central America (2000 B.C-A.D 1500), like other ancient states, was characterized by populations unprecedented both in their size and density. It was not just the number of people that lived in the Mayan city-states but also the relatively small area into which they were concentrated. To support such populations, societies developed various intensive agricultural including large-scale irrigation and hill-slope (the cutting of horizontal ridges into hillsides so they can be farmed). These were designed both to increase yields from a given area and to increase the absolute amount of land under cultivation. These strategies were in essence very successful: they made it possible to feed larger populations than ever before and supported the growth of cites. But they also placed considerable strains on the environment and rendered it increasingly fragile and vulnerable to unexpected climatic events, and even to short-term fluctuations. Thus, the argument is that because of their size and ever more intensive agriculture, the Mayan and other ancient state societies were fundamentally unsustainable.

  1.According to paragraph 1, ancient societies increased their agricultural output by

  A.increasing the percentage of the population that worked as farmers

  B.creating large irrigation systems

  C.being highly selective of the fields they would farm

  D.moving more people into the city to free up farmland

  2.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the intensive agricultural methods of the Maya?

  A.They helped the Maya overcome short-term fluctuations in the climate.

  B.They could not supply all of the food required for the growth of Mayan cities.

  C.They strained the environment more than the Maya’s previous farming techniques did.

  D.They were invented by the Maya to help them grow new kinds of crops.

  Paragraph 2

  Claims about environment degradation and disaster have figured prominently in discussion of the collapse of the Mayan city-states of the Central American lowlands. When two explorers came upon the Mayan cities in the 1830s, they were struck by the sight of tall pyramids and elaborately carved stones among luxuriant forest growth. Here was the archetypal picture of a great lost civilization: abandoned cities submerged in vegetation. Theories of catastrophic collapse or apocalyptic overthrow came naturally to mind to explain these dramatic scenes.

  3.The word “abandoned” in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A.carefully hidden B. destroyed

  C. enormous D. no longer occupied

  Paragraph 3

  Recent studies of the Mayan collapse (beginning around A.D 900) have emphasized the gradual and progressive nature of the process, beginning in the earliest in the South and advancing northward. It was not a single, sudden event, as had once been thought. Warfare and social unrest are thought to have played a part, but these may well have arisen through pressure from other causes. The Mayan cities had, after all, flourished for over 500 years and had frequently been at war with each other.

  4.Why does the author include the information that Mayan cities had “flourished for over 500 years and had frequently been at war with each other”?

  A.To identify a possible reason for the eventual collapse of Mayan society.

  B.To make the point that war and social unrest alone do not account for the Mayan collapse.

  C.To explain why recent studies argue that human actions were responsible for the Mayan collapse

  D.To provide evidence that frequent wars weakened Mayan society only very gradually

  5.According to paragraph 3, recent studies claim which of the following about the Mayan collapse?

  A.It was caused primarily by frequent wars between rival city-states.

  B.It was caused by a single sudden event.

  C.It was preceded by social unrest in northern city-states.

  D.It began in southern city-states and spread to others.

  Paragraph 4

  But what about the possibility of food shortage? These could have come about through either natural or humanly induced changes in the environment. Increasingly fierce competition between Mayan cities led to an upsurge of monument construction during the eighth and ninth centuries A.D, which would have placed added strain on agricultural production and expansion. Interstate rivalry may hence have pushed the Maya toward overexploitation of their fragile ecosystem. Deforestation and soil erosion might ultimately have destroyed the capacity of the land to support the high population levels of the Mayan cities, leading to famine, social unrest, and the collapse of the major Mayan centers.

  6.All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 4 as possible direct or indirect caused of food shortages EXCEPT

  A.increased monument construction

  B.rivalries between states

  C.deforestation and erosion

  D.introduction of new crops

  Paragraph 5

  Yet it may be incorrect to lay the blame entirely on human action. Several of the lowland cities, such as Tikal, appear to have depended heavily on the cultivation of raised fields set in the marshy depressions known as bajos, which today flood intermittently in the rainy season but may originally have been permanent lakes. The raise-field system of intensive cultivation (created by digging surrounding canals and using the soil removed to elevate the fields for planting) allows year-round food production through the constant supply of soil nutrients that erode into the drainage ditches dug around the raised fields, nutrients that are then collected and replaced. Stable water levels were essential to this subsistence system, but evidence from Lake Chichancanab in Yucatan shows that between A.D 800 and A.D 1000 this region suffered its driest period of climate in several thousand years. We may expect that as a result water level fell, and the raised fields in many areas became unusable. But the human response must be viewed through the lens of the social, political, and cultural circumstances. These exerted a powerful mediating effect on the way the Maya endeavored to cope with their difficulties. Had population levels been lower, the impact of the drought may not have been catastrophic, as it was, the Maya were already reaching the limits of the available subsistence capacity, and Mayan elites had espoused certain social and political agendas (including expensive warfare and competition with each other).It was against this specific background that a period of drought led quickly to crisis and collapse.

  7.The word “intermittently” in the passage is closet in meaning to

  A constantly B periodically

  C usually D especially

  8.According to paragraph 5, why did the raised fields in many areas become unusable?

  A.The marshy depressions around the fields flooded in the rainy season

  B.Intensive cultivation of the fields drained the soil of nutrients.

  C.The area where the fields were located experienced a drop in water levels.

  D.Unstable design caused the failure of the drainage ditches.

  Paragraph 5

  Yet it may be incorrect to lay the blame entirely on human action. _Several of the lowland cities, such as Tikal, appear to have depended heavily on the cultivation of raised fields set in the marshy depressions known as bajos, which today flood intermittently in the rainy season but may originally have been permanent lakes. _The raise-field system of intensive cultivation (created by digging surrounding canals and using the soil removed to elevate the fields for planting) allows year-round food production through the constant supply of soil nutrients that erode into the drainage ditches dug around the raised fields, nutrients that are then collected and replaced. _Stable water levels were essential to this subsistence system, but evidence from Lake Chichancanab in Yucatan shows that between A.D 800 and A.D 1000 this region suffered its driest period of climate in several thousand years. _We may expect that as a result water level fell, and the raised fields in many areas became unusable. But the human response must be viewed through the lens of the social, political, and cultural circumstances. These exerted a powerful mediating effect on the way the Maya endeavored to cope with their difficulties. Had population levels been lower, the impact of the drought may not have been catastrophic, as it was, the Maya were already reaching the limits of the available subsistence capacity, and Mayan elites had espoused certain social and political agendas (including expensive warfare and competition with each other). It was against this specific background that a period of drought led quickly to crisis and collapse.

  9.Look at the four squares [_] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

  Nature apparently also contributed to the food shortages.

  Where would the sentence best fit?

  10.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

  Since the discovery of the Mayan ruins in the 1830s, researchers have tried to explain the collapse of Mayan civilization.

  Answer choices

  A.The Mayan attempt to develop intensive agricultural methods to support large populations in relatively small areas probably was unsuccessful and could have caused the Mayan collapse.

  B.The discovery of intact pyramids submerged in vegetation among the Mayan ruins led researchers to believe that Mayan cities were simply overgrown rather than catastrophically destroyed.

  C.Warfare and rivalry between Mayan states may have caused food shortages that contributed to the eventual collapse of Mayan civilization.

  D.Early theories that the Mayan collapse was a sudden, catastrophic event were followed by views that treated the collapse as a gradual process.

  E.The continuing warfare and social unrest that started in the North and spread to the South provided researchers with evidence that the Mayan collapse took hundreds of years to occur.

  F.Drought between A.D. 800 and A.D. 1000 likely caused the Mayan system of intensive irrigated agriculture to fall, which could have brought about a rapid collapse of the Mayan State.

  考試文章2大致內容回憶

  Inca Highlands Adaptations

  P1：在Inca Highlands，altitudes不同，人們就會因地制宜選擇種植或者放牧。條件好的地方，人口很多。

  P2：但是erratic climate和thin soil等不利條件還是會影響農業或者牧業。

  P3：因此當地人想了多種解決辦法。第 一個就是“ecological complementarity”或者“verticality”。就是在不同海拔高度相鄰的地方種植各種不同的作物，萬一一種作物受災了，其他作物還能活。

  P4：第二個就是“energy averaging”。就是通過風干等技術儲存在產量豐收年的糧食，糧食歉收的時候可以食用。

  P5：第三個就是“vertical archipelagos”。他們并沒有為了交換作物而發展trade。而是讓一群人去較遠的地方種植當地不能產的作物，等到成熟后再運回。這一群人還是被home地區當做是家人，享有應有的尊敬和權威。由此形成了各種分布較散的colonies。

  考試文章3大致內容回憶

  Predatory Bacteria

  P1：最近人們發現有些bacteria雖然size小，但是也可以捕食獵物。

  P2：predatory bacteria這種小的體型可能speed更快，能夠快速攻擊 prey。但是這種說法controversial，因為這種方式只在靜水里面比較有效果，因為小的 bacteria 更容易被水流沖走，無法到達目的地。

  P3：也有可能因為小的體型更容易attach到大size的prey上面。另外，它有rigid cell wall，這個cell wall雖然可以保護自身，卻也限制了它不能變形，不像amoeba(阿米巴蟲，一種變形蟲)一樣可以變形吞噬prey

  P4：雖然個體小，但是還是發展了跟一般organisms類似的strategies，diets等。例如它像獅子一樣既吃live又吃dead。

  P5：predatory bacteria可以用來control cyanobacteria(藍細菌)的泛濫。因為他們可以吃cyanobacteria。但是這種情況在靜水里面會更有效果，在open sea就沒有那么有效果

  考試文章4大致內容回憶

  在美國還是英國殖民地的時候，家庭農場本身養活了美國本土絕大多數的人，而且這些家庭都會生產小麥、玉米、肉類。他們只有很少一部分才拿出來進行交換，當地的農民很喜歡牛，因為牛可以生產出高質量的蛋白質，也就是牛奶，而且還可以運輸東西。當然也有農民會專門的去生產一些肉類賣給市場。

  當時主要的農作物是小麥，當然他們也會種植一些玉米。而且這兩種植物的播種，成長和收獲時間是不一樣的，不至于年底的時候顆粒無收。當然當時人類主要吃的還是小麥、玉米這種植物，它們被種在土地的外圍，因為不是很好消化。而且當時的農民也會烘干小麥來制作面包。軍隊也很喜歡小麥，他們也會把小麥賣到其他的市場來賺錢。

  玉米已磨成的粉，不是很好消化。當時的農民大多數時候只會買小麥，而不會去買玉米。而且當時小麥的價格遠比玉米的要高，但是當收成不好的時候，玉米的價格也會提升上來。

  而玉米還有另外一個作用，就是它的根莖葉全都可以來當做飼料，因此也有一部分農民會種植玉米，當然都是種在土地的外圍。

  這種糧食供給系統，還有個很大的好處就是當出現糧食短缺的時候，還可以與其他的國家進行交換。

  考試文章5大致內容回憶

  The Origin of Earth's Atmosphere

  第 一段講了大氣的起源，可以追溯到地球形成時期，并講述了早期地球的形成過程;

  第二段講了隨著地球初具雛形，地心和地球磁場也逐漸形成;

  第三段講了地幔和地表的出現;

  第四段講述了地球最終出現了穩定的大氣。

  托福寫作

  10月共7場線下考試：10月9日、10月13日、10月16日(上午場和下午場)、10月23日、10月24日，10月30日，大體來說這個月的托福寫作新題和老題混合出現，但是老題的比例仍然較高。下面是對于綜合寫作和獨立寫作的解析。

  [綜合寫作]

  從考試題型來看，七場場考試題型都是觀點反駁類，涉及到了不同種類的話題，例如10月9日關于‘澳大利亞的歷史’;10月13日關于‘sea mammal的捕撈’;10月16日(上午場)關于‘拯救紅樹林Mangrove以及restore其所生活地區的生態系統;10月16日(下午場)關于‘business strategies’;10月23日關于‘canned food上的鉛導致的鉛中毒’;10月24日關于‘大王烏賊的眼睛’，以及10月30日關于‘laocoon雕像是不是米開朗琪羅偽造的’。

  同學們還是應該多練習各種不同話題的文章，以觀點反駁類為主要方向熟悉自己的寫作框架。

  [獨立寫作]

  獨立寫作七場考試出現了一道全新的考題，其它六道都是以前的線下以及家考的真題。

  10月9日

  這道題是一道新題，而且題目較長，但是類型還是大家比較熟悉的工作學習類話題。

  Imagine you are working on a group project with two coworkers and the deadline (the time that the project should be submitted) is approaching. The project looks good but could be improved if you all work on it more; however, this would mean that you miss the deadline. One of your coworkers suggests submitting the project in its current condition to meet the deadline, while your other coworker thinks it is better to wait and submit the project after the deadline so that it is perfect. Which approach is better in your opinion: meeting deadlines even if a project is not yet perfect or submitting a project after a deadline so that it is perfect? Why?

  思路參考：

  總觀點：選擇按時交：

  1.可以保證按照deadline要求遞交，有時即使花時間修改作業，最終可能也不會對成績提高有太大幫助，并且對其他按時交作業的同學來說不公平。

  2.考慮到整個小組，并不是所有成員都有時間或者意愿去修改作業，這樣會導致有些同學不滿，或者大家時間無法協調而產生矛盾。

  10月13日

  這是一道重復家庭考題，線下首 次的新題。

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: During big events, such as weddings or graduations, some people choose to record many videos and take numerous pictures on their smartphones, while others decide to record few or no videos and take few or no pictures. Which choice or decision do you prefer and why?

  思路參考

  總觀點：選擇要攝像和拍照。

  1.可以快速和沒來到的朋友家人分享

  2.后續想念的時候可以翻看，方便

  3.可以發在社交媒體，增強和他人的聯系

  10月16日(上午場)

  這道題重復了2019年12月1日的老題。

  Sometimes you are required to meet with another person to provide feedback about that person's work (for example, when you must give your opinions about a classmate's work on an assignment or your thoughts about a coworker's contribution to a project). When you have both positive and negative feedback to give about a person's work, do you believe it is more effective to give the positive comments first or the negative comments first? why?

  立場：先給正面反饋

  1.對學生好

  a.提高學生自信：學生先受到表揚的時候，他會更相信自己過去的努力是有效果的，未來的努力也會得到回報，這樣更有自信

  b.提高學習興趣：得到正面的反饋會激勵學生去學習更多的知識，探究未知的領域，克服學習中的困難

  2.對員工好

  a.和同事的關系更好：當同事首先得到的是正面反饋時，同事不會感覺到壓力和緊張，更愿意這樣的人相處

  b.受到老板欣賞：當老板首先得到下屬的正面反饋時，老板會感覺到被尊重、被認可和被支持，這樣的下屬會容易得到老板的信任

  10月16日(下午場)

  這道題重復2021年1月的家考題，相對題目較為簡單。

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  Having a job in which you work with other people is better than having a job in which you work alone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  思路參考：

  總觀點：work together

  1.能有更多和人溝通交流的機會，提升交流能力，能交到更多朋友。

  2.合作一般能完成更大的項目，成就感更高。

  3.合作也更加高效(分工方向出發)

  10月23日

  這道題重復2018年2月4日，2016年5月29日，獨立寫作真題。這是一道出現頻率也是比較高的老題。

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  It is better to take risks and explore new things when you are older rather than when you are younger.

  思路參考：

  總觀點：年輕人去冒險

  1.對工作好

  a.獲得更多的就業的信息：只有通過冒險，去嘗試發現新事物，才能獲得更多的就業信息，因為很多信息不會停留在表面，比如這個工作需要的人的特點經歷，而需要去挖掘

  b.培育堅強的品質，幫助工作：在冒險的過程中，要做好遇到阻礙的準備，因此要培育堅強的品質，抗壓遇到困難不退縮

  2.對生活好

  a.遇到更多的朋友：在冒險的時候可以遇到不同背景的人，因此會遇到更多有相同興趣的人，能遇到更多的朋友

  b.忘記現有的煩惱：在冒險的過程中，注意力被新事物吸引，因此可以從現有的煩惱中分心出來，可以忘記現有的煩惱

  10月24日

  這道題重復了2021年7月10日的考題.

  If your friends would like to achieve a more positive lifestyle, which of the following suggestion would be the best?

  1.Be more disciplined and have a stronger will

  2.Work with people who share the same goals

  3.Consult a professional expert

  思路參考：

  總觀點：選Work with people who share the same goals

  1.選2的原因

  a.有共同目標的人可以一起交流想法，找到適合自己的方法堅持下去。

  b.有共同目標的人可以相互監督

  2.不選1的原因

  雖然自律和意志力更強有助于設立目標，積極生活，但是一直自律其實很難，總會有破功的情況發生。

  3.不選3的原因

  雖然咨詢專業人士更加專業高效，但是專業人士也有不少問題。如不一定對你的朋友很了解，不能給出對應建議。同時咨詢專業人士價格不菲，資金壓力大。

  10月30日

  這道題重復了2019年2月24日的考題.

  A university recognized that first year students have poor study skills. It is believed that the best way to address this problem is to require all first year students to take courses on study skills, while others don’t agree with this requirement. What is your opinion?

  立場：應該設置習慣課成必修課

  1 效率：要求學生參加學習習慣課程能提高學生學習效率

  要求學生參加學習習慣課程-大學課更多更難-需要更好的學習習慣才能應對-學習了好的學習習慣-學習會更有效率-能有更好的學術表現

  2 工作：要求學生參加學習習慣課程能對未來工作生活有益處

  要求學生參加學習習慣課程-不僅惠及現階段的學習-也能幫助將來在工作和生活中進行快速學習-更好地融入新環境/學習需要的新知識-有利于未來事業和生活

  3 社交：要求學生參加學習習慣課程能讓學生擴大社交圈

       以上就是關于10月份托?？荚囮P于閱讀&寫作的考情分析，更多想要了解的，請點擊新航道托福頻道。