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  extraneous

  not forming a necessary part of something : not important

  adj.外部的; 外來的; 無關(guān)的; 不相干的

  The architect's streamlined modern style shuns any sort of extraneous ornamentation.

  extravagance

  the act or practice of spending a lot of money : wasteful or careless spending

  adj. 奢侈，浪費(fèi);過度;放肆的言行

  Hollywood stars are famous for the extravagance of their parties.

  exuberance

  very lively, happy, or energetic : filled with energy and enthusiasm

  n. 豐富，茂盛;健康;感情洋溢

  The exuberance of the housing market was an encouraging economic indicator.

  fallacious

  containing a mistake : not true or accurate

  adj. 謬誤的;騙人的;靠不住的;不合理的

  Consumers who harbor the fallacious belief that credit-card spending will never catch up with them.

  fantasy

  a pleasant situation that you imagine but that is unlikely to happen

  n. 幻想，想象

  To root up all evils is only a fantasy for the time being.

  fatalistic

  a doctrine that events are fixed in advance so that human beings are powerless to change them; also : a belief in or attitude determined by this doctrine

  adj. 宿命論的

  Recent research on warfare and aggression seems, at first glance, to support this fatalistic conclusion.

  fathom

  1. a unit of length equal to six feet (1.83 meters) used especially for measuring the depth of water ― sometimes used in the singular when qualified by a number 2. 1 : to measure by a sounding line

  v.測(cè)量(水的)深度;充分理解(某人[某事物]); 領(lǐng)悟

  I couldn't fathom why she made such a foolish decision.

  fatigue

  ddrained of energy or effectiveness

  adj. 疲乏的

  Your emotions overrule your stomach and fatigue.

  fawn

  1 : to show affection ? used especially of a dog 2 : to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner

  v. 奉承討好

  The waiters were fawning over the celebrity.

  feign

  (v.)：a : to give a false appearance of : induce as a false impression b : to assert as if true : pretend

  vt. 假裝;裝作;捏造;想象

  He would often feign illness to get out of class.

  felicity

  great happiness

  n. 幸福;快樂;幸運(yùn)

  The elderly couple counted their grandchildren as their most cherished felicities.

  felony

  a serious crime (such as murder or rape)

  n. <法>重罪

  The original complaint against the broker includes a felony charge for causing serious bodily injury.

  fervor

  a strong feeling of excitement and enthusiasm

  n. 熱情;熱烈;熱心;熾熱

  She was surprised by the fervor that her parents' old love letter contained when she discovered them in the attic.

  fictional

  formed or conceived by the imagination

  adj. 虛構(gòu)的

  Perhaps he might have done more to capture the sheer weirdness of Dickens's fictional world.

  figurative

  of words, language, etc. : used with a meaning that is different from the basic meaning and that expresses an idea in an interesting way by using language that usually describes something else : not literal

  adj. 比喻的;修飾豐富的;形容多的

  the figurative use of "allergy" to mean "a feeling of dislike"

  figurehead

  a head or chief in name only

  n. 有名無實(shí)的人

  For many Vietnamese, whatever their views of the late leader, there is no otherfigurehead.

  fissure

  a narrow opening or crack

  n. 裂縫

  This is an amazing cave that can be accessed through a fissure in the ground witha rope.

  flagrant

  very bad : too bad to be ignored

  adj.臭名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的; 惡名昭著的; 明目張膽的

  That was a flagrant violation of the rules.

  flank

  the area on the side of an animal (such as a horse) between the ribs and the hip

  n. 側(cè)面;側(cè)翼;側(cè)腹

  They attacked the enemy on both flanks.

  fledgling

  a young bird that has just become able to fly

  n. 無經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人;剛會(huì)飛的幼鳥

  At hockey he's still a fledgling and needs to work on his basic skating skills.

  fleeting

  not lasting;lasting for only a short time

  adj. 飛逝的;轉(zhuǎn)瞬間的

  He had a fleeting desire to jump into the cool lake but kept on hiking.

  flout

  to break or ignore (a law, rule, etc.) without hiding what you are doing or showing fear or shame

  v. 嘲笑;輕視;愚弄

  The problem is the regulations do not specify punishments for businesses orindividuals who flout them.

  fluid

  used to describe something that can change easily or that changes often

  adj. 不固定的

  And your movement is really fluid and available.

  flustered

  upset or nervous

  adj. 慌張的;激動(dòng)不安的

  He came in, drank two glasses of water and left, Restivo said, adding that Blake appeared flustered.

  foiblea

  minor fault in someone's character or behavior usually plural

  n. 弱點(diǎn);小缺點(diǎn);癖好

  We could tolerate my uncle's foibles because we loved him dearly.

  foist

  to force someone to accept (something that is not good or not wanted) usually + on or upon

  vt. 偷偷插入;混入

  He foisted his prejudices upon his young students.

  folly

  the lack of good sense or judgment : foolishness

  n. 愚蠢;荒唐事

  The American purchase of Alaska was originally considered a grand folly.

  foolhardy

  foolishly doing things that are too dangerous or risky

  adj. 有勇無謀的;蠻干的

  It's foolhardy to go hiking during late fall without warm clothes.

  foreboding

  a feeling that something bad is going to happen

  n. 預(yù)感;先兆;預(yù)兆

  Dark blues may be foreboding, or an indication of worry or fear.

  foreshadow

  to represent, indicate, or typify beforehand : prefigure

  vt. 預(yù)示;成為…的前兆

  a series of small tremors that foreshadowed the massive earthquake the next day

  foreshadowing

  something believed to be a sign or warning of a future event

  n. 伏筆，鋪墊

  Mr. Obama's criticism, industry officials fear, is a foreshadowing of deep cuts to come.

  forestall

  to keep from happening by taking action in advance

  v. 預(yù)先阻止

  You can often forestall skidding on the ice simply by driving more slowly.

  forlorn

  1 feeling unhappiness; 2 sad from lack of companionship or separation from others; 3 causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer; 4 feeling or showing no hope

  adj. 孤獨(dú)的，被遺棄的，絕望的

  She was forlorn when she found out the trip had ben cancelled.

  fragile

  easily broken or damaged

  adj. 脆的;易碎的

  Babies are fragile, so remember to care for them gently.

  fraternity

  the feeling of friendship that exists between people in a group

  n. 兄弟會(huì) 互助會(huì)

  the fraternity of civil engineers

  fraud

  1.an instance of the use of dishonest methods to acquire something of value; 2.one who makes false claims of identity or expertise; 3.the inclination or practice of misleading others through lies or trickery

  n. 詭計(jì); 騙子; 欺騙

  He was found guilty of bank fraud.

  fray

  to wear (as an edge of cloth) by or as if by rubbing : fret

  vt. 使磨損

  frayed

  worn away or tattered along the edges

  v. 磨損(fray的過去分詞);受磨損

  He also only owns one tie, so frayed and greasy that it looks more like a shoelace.

  frigid

  very cold

  adj. 寒冷的，嚴(yán)寒的;冷淡的

  The innkeeper gave us a frigid and unnecessarily formal welcome.

  fundamental

  forming or relating to the most important part of something:

  adj. 基本的，根本的

  This decision represents the fundamental interests of the people.

  furious

  1:very angry 2:very powerful or violent

  adj. 激烈的;狂怒的;熱烈興奮的

  Everyone worked at a furious pace in order to get the float ready for the parade.

  gaiety

  a happy and lively quality

  n. 快樂，興高采烈

  Attendees of the masquerade ball arrived dressed in all their gaiety.

  garish

  too bright or colorful

  adj. 炫耀的

  The wedding guest's thick makeup was garish and unnecessary.

  garrulous

  tending to talk a lot : very talkative

  adj. 嘮叨的;喋喋不休的;多嘴的

  a garrulous boy who was in constant trouble for talking out of turn

  generosity

  the quality of being kind, understanding, and not selfish : the quality of being generous

  n. 慷慨

  a sidewalk beggar who benefited from the generosity of kindhearted passersby

  generous

  1:freely giving or sharing money and other valuable things 2:providing more than the amount that is needed or normal : abundant or ample

  adj. 大方的;寬宏大量的;有雅量的

  a civic leader who is very generous with his money and time

  gigantic

  extremely large

  adj. 巨大的，龐大的

  a raccoon got into the trash and now there's a gigantic mss in our backyard.

  gilded

  made from or covered with gold

  adj. 鍍金的，裝飾的;富有的

  His office is decorated with gilded chairs and extravagant mouldings, ordered by his predecessor.

  glimmer

  to shine faintly or unsteadily

  vi. 閃爍;發(fā)微光

  The disquiet about her appointment does offer a glimmer of hope about our battered democracy.

  gloom

  a feeling of sadness

  n. 黑暗;憂郁

  the deepening gloom over the economy

  grant

  to bestow or transfer formally

  v./n. 授予(資金)

  The court granted the motion for a new trial.

  greed

  a selfish desire to have more of something (especially money)

  n. 貪婪，貪心

  He made no effort to conceal his greed for money and power.

  gregarious

  1 a : tending to associate with others of one's kind : SOCIAL b : marked by or indicating a liking for companionship : SOCIABLE c : of or relating to a social group 2 a of a plant : growing in a cluster or a colony b : living in contiguous n

  adj. 社交的, 群居的

  Walruses are highly gregarious.

  grievance

  obsolete; a cause of distress

  n. 委屈, 冤情

  This is no place to air your grievances against him.

  grill

  if you grill something, or if it grills, you cook it by putting it on a flat metal frame with bars across it, above or below strong direct heat

  v. 烤

  She put the hamburgers on the grill.

  grim

  1 unpleasant or shocking to see or think about 2 causing feelings of sadness or worry : gloomy or depressing

  adj. 冷酷的;糟糕的;殘忍的

  The accident serves as a grim reminder of the dangers of drinking and driving.

  grip

  to grab or hold (something) tightly

  n. 緊握;柄;支配;握拍方式;拍柄繃帶

  The little boy gripped his mother's hand tightly.

  grocery

  plural : commodities sold by a grocer

  n. 食品雜貨

  They run a small grocery store.

  grudging

  said, done, or given in an unwilling or doubtful way

  adj. 勉強(qiáng)的;吝嗇的

  He even earned his opponents' grudging respect.

  grueling

  very difficult : requiring great effort

  adj. 累垮人的;折磨人的

  Running a marathon is grueling.

  grunt

  a short, low sound from the throat

  n. 咕噥;呼嚕聲

  I could hear the grunts of the movers as they lifted the heavy furniture.

  gullible

  readily taken advantage of

  adj. 易受騙的，輕信的

  He thought his grandmother was gullible simply because she was elderly, but she was sharper than he was in many ways.

  guru

  a person who has a lot of experience in or knowledge about a paaritular subject

  n. 領(lǐng)袖，專家

  One of those weather gurus that the television networks always drag out whenever there's a big blizzard brewing

  habitat

  the place or environment where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows

  n. 棲息地

  A forest in California is set aside to preserve the unique brushy, rugged habitat required by nesting California condors.

  hack

  to cut or sever

  vt. 砍;出租

  An armed gang barged onto the train and began hacking and shooting anyone in sight.

  hackneynot interesting, funny, etc., because of being used too often : not fresh or original

  adj. 陳腐的;平庸的

  hail

  to describe sb or sth as being very good or special, especially in the newspaper, etc

  v. 贊揚(yáng)，稱頌

  Faulkner has been hailed as the greatest American novelist of his generation.

  halcyon

  very happy and successful

  adj 無波瀾的，一帆風(fēng)順的

  It was all a far cry from those halcyon days in 1990, when he won three tournaments on the European tour.

  haphazard

  having no plan, order, or direction

  adj. 偶然的;隨便的;無計(jì)劃的

  The investigation does seem haphazard.

  hapless

  having no luck: very unfortunate

  adj. 倒霉的

  The hapless motorist had barely paid his bill and driven away from the body shop when a truck sideswiped his car.

  hazy

  obscured or made dim or cloudy by or as if by haze; vague

  adj. 朦朧的, 煙霧彌漫的, 模糊的

  We had only a hazy view of the mountain. hazy sunshine

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